VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The struggles of middle class family is a well known fact all over the
world. Upamanyu Chatterjee’s The Last Burden gives sharp insight into the
struggles of the middle class Indian family life. . It is a story of a middle
class Hindu Brahmin family comprising Shyamanand, the father, Urmila, the
mother and their two sons Burfi and Jamun, set in a town by the sea. It
analyses the ties of dependence among modern Indian families. He explains why
the majority of populace abandons the traditional joint family structure in
favour of a nuclear one. The middle class people struggle financially,
mentally, emotionally, physically. Though it’s an inevitable thing to be
changed somehow it is managed by the people all over the world.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
It is a well known fact that India is an epitome of ethics and human
values. Of course, it is due to the cultural heritage and age old traditions
and customs. As well, the great epics of this land have also laid a strong foundation
for its background. As a result, spiritual and moral way of life has been
imbibed naturally by the people to lead a serene life in this hurly-burly
world. To certain extent, literature has also contributed much to the
development of this thought from time immemorial. The advent of globalization has brought about
a drastic change in the attitudes of the people. Even the writers are
influenced and carried away by its potential impact. In this aspect, Chetan
Bhagat is no exception, in the sense that instead of exposing the follies and
foibles of the present generation, he ironically gives much significance to the
unethical and immoral practices of the youth on college and corporate campuses,
adding fuel to the fire of already deteriorating values in society. The present
write up makes a modest attempt to analyse some of the immoralities in the
works of the author and endeavours to offer some constructive suggestions for
prevention.
Keywords: Epitome of ethics, cultural
heritage, great epics, moral life, serene, time immemorial, globalization,
practices, unethical.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The present research paper focuses on the impact of LPG (Liberalization,
Privatization, and Globalization) on different issues like socio-political,
economic culture and education. The art cartooning has been influenced by the
LPG. Cartoons of R. K. Laxman have been influenced by the LPG. In the present
paper, the researcher considers a cartoon to show the impact of LPG.
Keywords: - LPG, Cartooning, socio-political, economic.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The term ‘Realism’ in art or literature refers to the presentation of
things accurately in real life. Authors use their own style in presenting
things that happen accurately in art and add moral values to their
presentation. Many writers such as Bhabini Bhattachariya, R.K.Narayan and Ruth
Prawar Jhabvala have presented realism in their fictions. Like Kamala
Markandaya, the other writers had portrayed the different types of realism in
their works. There are different types of realism in literature. They are
classified as follows: Social realism and Cultural realism.These types of
realism are well portrayed by Kamala Markandaya in her novels, especially in Nectar
in a Sieve, Possession and a Handful of Rice. The common social element found
in all these three novels is hunger. In her first novel, Nectar in a Sieve,
Nathan the head of the family died due to starvation. He was unable to earn
bread for himself as well as his family. Valmiki was also sent along with Lady
Caroline because of his poverty. This has been clearly portrayed by the author
in the words of Anusuya, the narrator of the story, in the novel Possession.
Ravishankar, a learned man, becomes a smuggler in order to provide food and
clothing for his family, but he fails in his attempt. These different types of
realism are brilliantly described by the author. In Nectar in a Sieve, several
incidents have been quoted from the lives of Rukmani and Nathan in order to
show that they suffered a lot due to hunger and how the East –West conflict
ruined their lives.
Key words: East – West conflict,
cultural interaction, exploitation of the weak, industrialization, resultant
identity crisis.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Education is the process of start, stimulate and
sustain to become an educated person. It is the skill of learning to learn. In
educational process, Educator should use modern tools in to a classroom. It
helps to gain better result from modern learners. The use of PowerPoint
presentation in English language classroom is an effective modern educational
aid. It assists tutor to select and create authentic material to use in a
classroom. Use of PowerPoint presentation helps to bring change in a language
teaching and learning traditional pedagogic classroom. It helps to facilitate
learner for language acquisition through multimedia. PowerPoint presentation tool (material) helps teachers to make their
learners interested in study. These are the aim and object to
present paper first bring (PowerPoint) technology and multimedia in a classroom
for teaching and learning purpose, second to become familiar with poetic terms,
third to bring extensive reading in a classroom forth learn language with
poetry, forth use of PowerPoint presentation to learn language with
poetry.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Mahesh Dattani is considered as one of the most effective dramatic
voices in Indian English dramatic world. Dance Like A Man is a play that
highlights a woman’s ambition and passion on traditional dance stimulates a man
to fall in worsening circumstance. Dattani exhibits realistic event and
circumstance of familial relationship in this play that they can be easily
observed in the contemporary society. Ratna, Jairaj and Amritlal are major
characters of this play. Dattani portrays the character Ratna, the most
dominant woman in this play. The whole play browses in the ascendancy of Ratna
to attain an awful position on dance and Dattani distinctly exhibits the
mysterious twin of woman’s approach through her incorrigible behaviour. Dattani
makes use of flashback as one of his dramatic techniques which appears in the
second part of the first act. It is for highlighting the disagreement exists
between art and family. Ratna wants to continue her traditional dance so she
makes her husband a victim for attaining her ambition. She plans to join her
hands with her father-in-law, Amritlal, his determination to destroy Jairaj’s
passion on dance and career as a dancer. The construction of disagreement among
the characters is different level of Indian society.
Keywords: Dance,
Passion, Indian Society and Family.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Coelho’s popular `The Alchemist` is not a novel on the roles of men and
women and it is not making any statement about mundane love except talking about a
mystical Universal love. But it does say about love being one of the most
important and valuable treasures that can be found. The other novels are equally mystical leaning
much on Eros and Agape. Rather they try to show the inner lanes of agape. This is
a brief attempt to show the author’s experience of agape is not only universal
but also personal.
Key Words: Love – Agape – Universal
Love –Spiritual Love
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Since the centuries Dalits were atrociously and irrationally treated community. From ancient
time dalits were known by different terms. If we see the Pre-historic Indian
society it had no social divisions like caste system and they have only the
concept of untouchability that too people were divided in society according to
their occupations and had an organized governing system. That the Indian Dalit
literature flourished in post independence precisely after 1960s. During the
Middle-Ages I mean to say before independence untouchables were struggling to
get their human identity and dignity. To show or convey their struggles they
were composing and singing songs in different like devotional by the poets of
upper castes as well as the saint-poets of the down trodden communities. Their
quest for human identity was earnestly presented with a kind request. English
translations does play a very crucial role in rousing political and social
consciousness in Indian Dalit literature now it is accessible to global readers
and against the tradition of inequality prevalent in a stratified Indian
society. Spirit of dalit writers made them to write several life-narratives,
novels, poems, and short stories etc. Pity and sympathy are the words which
represents the dalit people. Newly domain of subaltern literature emerged now
it is efficient and capable of spreading its revolutionary, radical messages to
global readers’.
Key words: flourished, untouchability,
identity, Dalit women, struggle
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
In Idris: keeper of the light, one can observe how subaltern characters
subvert the motives of the dominant characters in the social front. Anita Nair
has presented a typical Indian joint family abiding by the traditional norms
and values. She depicts the patriarchal Nair joint family in Malabar during
seventeenth century. In India, families were considered to be pillars propping
up the society throughout its history. Anita Nair is always on the side of the
marginalized and is resolutely against racism, colonialism and male
chauvinism. Idris brings a clear picture
of miserable condition of women, casteism and assertion of identity etc. As a
committed artist, Anita Nair deals with social and political realities of
medieval India. She comments on a wide variety of unexplored medieval issues
such as the expression and repression of human sexuality, plight of woman in
Indian society, gender roles, morality and identity.
Key words: subalternity, Untouchability,
Casteism, subjugation, marginalization
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Communicative-competence and professional skills have been the buzzing
terms in the present era of glocal world. However, the sorry-state of ESL
learners is same as it was because of the extra emphasis on
theoretical/literary contents and traditional approaches of teaching-learning
process in classrooms. These patterns are resulting into teacher-centred
pedagogy and less interaction between the teacher and the students. This leads
to build the small cultural boxes in the classroom itself which become a hurdle
to make the learners out-of—the-box thinkers. The desired need is to make the
classroom an enormous cultural box by overcoming the walls of small cultural
boxes among learners. The root problem
is the lack of classroom interaction. Once it is promoted, it can result into
equal learning opportunities for all learners irrespective of their cultural
backgrounds. The initial part of the paper focuses on the common cultural
barriers and other challenges of communication in heterogeneous group of ESL
learners in classroom. Further, it will light upon the innovative approaches of
dealing with the diverse backgrounds of ESL learners and suggestive ways to
promote classroom interaction.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
This research paper is a detailed study on Kobo Abe in general, and in
particular it explores his style and his monumental work The Woman in the
Dunes. His themes, inspirations, influence, likes and dislikes are also touched
upon in this research paper which is all about Kobo Abe.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Many novels depicting characters of low castes in Indian have been
nominated and even awarded prestigious international awards . The matter of
fact is that they were given maximum score for depicting low caste characters
in their novel . The question is
whether they present true , realistic ,authentic picture
of Dalit life. Are India novels depicting Indian dalits become stereotyped
? Do they reflect Ambedkarism ? If not why ? How can Indian novels proceed without quoting
Dr.Ambedkar’s contribution ? What message these
novels have for readers ? Do they
present any optimistic view of life
for millions of outcastes ? The fact is
that only wearer knows where the shoe pinches. These and many questions need to
be addressed . The paper intends to touch some of them.
Key words : untouchability , Ambedkarism , hypothesis, archipelagos.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The novel “The Lowland” was portrayed very emotionally and critically
given a character with very effective by the American writer but Indian born
Jhumpa Lahiri. She dealt with the character of each one is very significant and
most living personality in this novel. And they have an emotional and
loneliness to their life at the same time, the novel made a sudden urge to
transfer the character to some other place, this is the reaction to take a
result of nostalgia which means diaspora through the persons of Subhash and
Gauri. After the Udayan death Gauri married Subhash and she went to America, in
that place both of them were not a good in their relationships and they are
live a long and later be separate also so they had some emotions and live in
loneliness. The author played an important role through this tow characters.
She explains how they are all emotionally had a loneliness to the character
among. This is the main concept to pursuit to the novel, “The Lowland”
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
This research paper focuses on the findings of
religious and philosophical aspects in the poems of Nissim Ezekiel. Nissim
Ezekiel - poet, playwright, and art critic - ranks foremost in contemporary
Indo - Anglian poetry and among the very best in post-Independence Indo -
Anglian literature. In his fine poems “Philosophy”, “Poetry Reading”, “Poet,
Lover and Bird watcher”, “Islands” “A
Small Summit”, “The Hill”, “Guru”, “Night of the Scorpion” he expounds his views on poetry. The poem
“Philosophy” deals with complex and intricate philosophical processes and it
also shows the poet’s love for metaphysics and the cold “Lucidity of Logic”.
With regard to his latter poetry, K.N Daruwallah has remarked each volume has
introduced a new note added a sense of comprehension or even humour to his
irony and covered further distance in his progressive pursuit of simplicity.
Each volume witnessed a development in his verse craft. “It may be divided as
follows: The poems compiled during the period 1965-74 refer to the poems such
as “Transparently” “Motives”, ‘’In the Country Cottage’’, “Lawn” and
“Happenings”. A poem discloses clarity of statement and simplicity of
expression. This is evident in the following lines Unasked as the day Declined,
she brought out her …... to be caressed In the volume of “Hymns in Darkness”
authorized in 1976, the poet experimented with “Poster Poems” and “Passion
Poems”. His poetry volume “Latter -Day Psalms” which has been mentioned earlier
also forms an excellent example for the religious and philosophical strain of
the poet, for philosophy and worldliness cum-sensuality of traditional value
systems and contrarieties.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Mahesh Dattani is a well-known celebrated modern Indian – English
playwright. His plays always deal with the intricate dynamics of the modern
urban family. In his many plays, he aptly deals with various issues like homo
sexuality, gender discrimination, and socialism and child sexual exploitation.
Dattani is a playwright who challenged the edifice of India and Indian as they
have been presented in the modern English theatre. This paper is a humble
attempt to study problem of communal divide and communal tension in Mahesh
Dattani’s Final Solutions. The play Final Solutions deals with the problem of
communal divide and communal tension.
Key words- Mahesh
Dattani, playwright, urban family, homo sexuality, communal divide, communal
divide.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The English Patient is a novel
by Michael Ondaatje. The novel questions the concept of a pure cultural or
national identity and conceives the postmodern identity as hybrid identity.
Nationality and identity are interconnected in The English Patient, functioning
together to create a web of inescapable structures that tie the characters to
certain places and times despite their best efforts to evade such confinement.
The novel questions colonial and anti-colonial nationalism which shape the
character’s identities and it frequently breaks down colonial hierarchies. The
post colonial element in the novel is established through the character Kip or
Kirpal Singh who is a sapper employed in the British army. Kip has a complex
identity which is the result of his exposure to Indian as well as the English culture.
Bhabha in his seminal work Location of Culture shows the cultural influence of
the coloniser on the colonised and the colonised on the coloniser which leads
to the formation of a hybrid identity. The paper studies the formation of
hybrid identity in Kip. It also studies the key concepts of hybrid identity
like mimicry and the colonial other.
Key Words: Mimicry, Hybrid, Colonial Other, Kip, Homi K Bhabha
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Indian English fiction has witnessed a remarkable change in the last three decades. A good number of new novelists, hailed from multiple professions, produced a good body of literature with their solid contribution. They have presented the problems of own professions, keeping their region and culture as background, besides highlighting social problems. They are primarily the victims of nostalgia who never forgot and ran away from their roots, region, and culture. Outstanding among the novelists of new generation is Amit Chaudhuri, a young, delightful, and brilliant contemporary writer who acclaimed worldwide for his novel. He explored the alternative tradition in the modern society in his novels. The objective of the present paper is to make a brief study on the writings of Amit Chaudhuri’s seven novels – A Strange and Sublime Address, Afternoon Raag, Freedom Song, A New World, The Immortals, Odysseus Abroad, and Friend of My Youth – which provide new perspectives on the theoretical models of the western and the Indian domesticity. It also aims to analyze how the novels reflect the Indian values and regional sensibility.
Keywords: Indian English Fiction, nostalgia, Amit Chaudhuri, New perspectives
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Informal learning can be defined as a particular way of learning which
arises from the activities and interests of individuals and groups. After
having identified and selected interests expressed by learners, informal-learning
activities are carried out in a flexible and informal way, in informal
community locations. According to Marcia Conner (Marcia L. Conner),
"Informal learning accounts for over 75% of the learning taking place in
organizations today. Often, the most valuable learning takes place
serendipitously, by random chance." Conner continues explaining that
Informal learning is a "lifelong process" through which people
acquire attitudes, values, skills and knowledge mainly from the mass media,
from daily experiences, such as those made at work, at play, while talking with
our neighbors and from various kind of interactions, in general. It is apparent
that informal learning is rather related to incidental learning.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Jayanta Mahapatra is a name in Indian English
poetry which needs no introduction. Perhaps any discussion of Indian English
Poetry is incomplete without reference to his poetical works. He is regarded as
the Father of the modern and post modern Indian English poetry. His is the case
of a writer who is recognized abroad and commands more respect overseas before
receiving attention at home. His broad canvas depicts social discrimination and
degeneration of moral values in his world famous poems Hunger, Myth and India
which are flawless and excellent examples of majestic poetry. His most
philosophical poems The Moon Moments and Total Solar Eclipse are characterized
by a stark realism. His vision of women is basically that of a sacrificial and
suffering lot, destined to be a living human offering to God and to men's world
of carnal need.
Keywords :- Frustration,
Discrimination, Philosophical, Exploitation, Prostitution, Poverty, Existence,
Aspirations.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The explosion of innovative facet of technology in education has gained
momentum and as a result the teacher should incessantly and professionally be
uplifted to meet the newer challenges of learners of the 21st
century. In the changing scenario, the teachers’ professional development
should be a continuous and lifelong process and they should develop their
personal as well as professional qualities to improve their knowledge, skills
and practice and in turn the students’. It is futile if we teach today the way
we were taught yesterday. With novel methods and approaches of the teachers
equipped with technological knowhow, the class room will become more student
centric rather than teacher centric.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The paper focuses on the enquiry of aesthetic and ideological shift in
the new historical fiction from the earlier postmodern historiographic
metafiction. Particularly, it analyses such changes with regard to the
treatment of history in the new beyond postmodern condition. Such tendencies
have been tried to discern through the main formative elements of the
aesthetics of fiction, i.e. the characters and the art of characterization. The
focus has been on the highly
self-reflexive play of inter-subjectivity of characters. It has been seen how
the characters cross through each other’s subjectivities and try to
“feel” and understand each other’s positions. Such play of inter-subjectivity is formed within the cross-temporal play
of different historical times of India’s independence struggle and the
contemporary postmodern condition of global moment. Spatio-temporal and
ideological contextualization of the behavior/subjectivity of characters and
their capability of crossing the limits of their personal subjectivities and
entering into another’s are the two theoretical poles within which the narrative
advances the new beyond postmodern understanding of existing at a
multidimensional space along with retaining one’s own position. This
philosophical stance may be taken as a dialogic corrective to both the
ideas—unitary/essential identity and non-essential heteroglossic subjectivity
as pure construction. The paper attempts at analysing such philosophic
undertones present in this novel.
Key-Words: Subjectivity, Agency, Action, Historiography.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Paule Marshall is of American nationality. She was an American author
whose works reflected her “Bajan” (Barbadian) background and twin themes of the
need to confront the past and the need to change the present. Paule Marshall
was born April 9, 1929, in Brooklyn, New York to second generation Barbadian
immigrant parents, Samuel and Ada Burke, who had emigrated separately from
Barbados after World War I. She visited her parents’ homeland, Barbados, for
the first time at the age of nine.
Key Words: oral tradition, cultural
heritage, African Diaspora, Paule Marshall
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
This research paper is an attempt to find
ordinariness in the select poems of Nissim Ezekiel. Nissim Ezekiel is a
distinguished poet in the history of Indian English literature. He has so far
published six collections of poems in addition to several poems published in
several journals and anthologies etc. His is a land mark in Indian English
poetry, for he was able to pen approximating to the demands of the modern
world. The poem “The Paradise Flycatcher” discloses the bird watcher zafar
futehally and the juxtaposition of dream and reality raises the prosaic and the
ordinary to the level of poetry. The poems “The Visitor”, “The Virginal” and “A
Women Observed” reveal the exposition of the human situation in poetical terms.
The “Night of the Scorpion”, "In the Queue", "Gallantry”,” Case
Study", “The Country Cottage”, "Philosophy", "Night of the
Scorpion", "In India”, “The Patriot”, "The Professor”, “Poem of
Separation” reveal the aspect of ordinariness.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
S. K. Ohja’s play Riding the Storm: A Play on Mahatma Gandhi (1990)
presents vignettes of Gandhiji’s life from 1919 to 1948, highlighting his part
in the major events of the Indian struggle for freedom and his association with
the leading historical personages of the period such as Rajaji, Sarojini Naidu,
Rabindranath tagore, Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Azad, Acharya Kirpalani, Sir
Stafford Cripps and Lord and Lady Mountbatten. The events and the personages
have been chosen with the objective of bringing out the essence of Gandhiji’s
ideals and illustrating his practice of satyagraha. The play shows how Gandhiji
could raise a political storm throughout the country and control it with
confidence and ease. The play is unique in all that all the events and places
revolve around Gandhiji and in that imaginative dramatic devices like shadow
display and audience participation are used, as is the classical native device
of a sutradhar or male announcer and his female counterpart.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
This article explores how society functions as an entity in controlling
the lives of individuals in Shashi Deshpande’s The Dark Holds No Terrors. It
also cites various other instances from the book which make the characters
appear no more than puppets of society.
Keywords: Two-faced Society, Gender Discrimination, Inequality, Recognition.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
All the protagonists suffer
because of the oppression of male
dominated Indian society. Shashi
Despande emerged as the contemporary
women writers in English.She is an award
winning Indian Novelist. She is the second daughter of famous Kannada dramatist
and writer shriranga. She was born in 1938 Karnataka and educated in Bombay and
Bangalore. She published her first collection, of short stories in 1978, and
her first novel. The Dark Holds No Terrors in 1980. She is a winner of the
Sahitya Akademi Award, for the novel ‘That Long Silence’ Her works also
includes children’s books. Her novels
present a social world of many complex relationship. In her novels many men and
women living together, journeying across life in their difference age groups,
classes and gendered roles. The old tradition bound world consists with the
modern, creating unforeseen gaps and disruptions within the family structure.
Women’s understanding becomes questionable as the old patterns of behaviour no
longer seem to be acceptable. These struggles become in tense of quests for
self-definition, because it would not be possible to relate to others with any
degree of conviction unless one is guided by a clarity about one’s own image
and role.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
This article focuses on encouraging
reflective skills among novice teachers for their proficient growth in
APSCHE-British Council ELT teacher education programmes. It is an attempt to
analyse how activities in print materials in such APSCHE-British Council
programmes can be designed effectively to stimulate reflection. As print
materials are still the dominant medium of instruction in ELT programmes in
India, the deliberations will hopefully have significant implications for the
teaching-learning process in such contexts. There are many recent studies that
consider reflection as a crucial tool for learning and suggest strategies to
foster reflection among learners. But in the present education system, the
measures to be adopted for promoting reflection need special consideration.
Print materials need to be used optimally to help compensate for the physical
gap between learners and teachers in such a context. The paper offers some
suggestions on how teacher support can be built into, learning print materials,
to encourage trainees to reflect, and highlights this as a special need of
APSCHE-British Council teacher trainees. Some materials from an existing
APSCHE-British Council ELT programme will be used to illustrate the case.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The main aim of this research article is to study the overview of the Methods
and Approaches of English Language Teaching (ELT) and to know the background
knowledge. It is fact that, in these methods, some can be directly implemented
where as others may need further preparation. According to the History of ELT,
many applied linguists and psychologists believed that, there is no one such
method which can be called as the best to teach English language teaching, nevertheless
teacher can make use of different methods, approaches and techniques as per the
learners’ needs.
Key Words: Method, Approach, Technique, Translation, Multiple intelligences, Participatory
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Anita Desai is considered as one of well known and popular novelists of
Indian –English literature. She is acknowledged as a grand name in the world of
psychological novels with excellent techniques and features. In her novels like
‘Cry, the Peacock’, ‘Voices in the City’, ‘Where Shall We Go this Summer’,
‘Fire on the Mountain’, ‘Clear Light of the Day’, ‘Journey to Ithaca’, ‘In
Custody’ and ‘Fasting Feasting’, she portrays the dilemma of her female
protagonists effectively. Being female she understands their problems deeply
and pictures them minutely. She is chiefly interested in the themes of quest
for identity, family relationships and mismatched marriage. She is more
interested in the individuals than the anonymous multitude, in the particular
rather than the general. She is the queen of inner psychology of the females of
upper middle class. She deals with the pathetic plight of sensitive women in
novels after novels and this dealing makes her one of the best novelists of
modern age. Her women suffer from the sense of rootlessness and fragmentation
despite of all pleasures. Their present disturbs them and they wish to go to
their past. Maya in ‘Cry, the Peacock’
always complains against her husband Gautam and doesn’t involve in creative
activity; Monisha in ‘Voices in the City’ craves for privacy and finds herself
misfit in her surroundings; Sita in ‘Where Shall We Go This Summer’ revolts
against the boring life of her family and goes back to the island of Manori.
All these female protagonists are defeaters and suffer from the sense of
isolation, alienation and rootlessness. In this research paper,I have attempted
to find out the distinctive features and techniques used by Anita Desai in her
popular novels.
Key Words – Techniques,
characteristics, neurotic, alienation, stream of consciousness, Indian culture,
symbols, imagery, lyricism, past, present, contrasting characters
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
My aim through this article is to propagate that the play No Man’s Land
by Pinter pictures the world, as a meaningless place to live in without any
potential way out. He spotlights on the matter of people’s isolation from each
other and from the intellect of their own living. They are forced to engage in
recreation the nonstop match just because they do not challenge to stop it, and
they get fixed in every day routine, as a consequence. The concept of
nothingness goes hand in hand with certain human feelings like fear, insecurity
and hopelessness. These human characteristics are distinctive Pinter subjects
elaborated in his plays. The unfair system and its persecutors find their
complement in Pinter’s plays of ambiguity, violence, loneliness and loss of
identity, all caused by an unidentifiable menace in their world, and these
lonely characters, with their destroyed identities and with no support, trying to
survive but failing in a hostile world close to the realm of The Theatre of the
Absurd.
Key words: Theatre of the Absurd, psyche,
neurotic fears, aching anxieties and meaningless
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The term ‘culture’ is a
‘loaded’ and complex term. It has a polyvocal sense as it contains the multiple
artifacts of a particular community. Diaspora literature significantly focusses
on ‘cultural dislocations’ and its consequences on the immigrants’ lives. Diasporic studies become a platform for
debating the issues of representation, identity and socio-cultural politics.
Chitra Banerjee Divakaruni, an immigrant herself, is one of the significant
voices in American mainstream writing. She represents the South Asian Diaspora. Her writings vehemently assert the
immigrants’ abilities to assimilate in America. Though she intends to portray a
positive, willing picture of immigrants, yet she does not brush under the
carpet the cultural conflict, racial clash, humiliation, language barriers and
other issues the immigrants have to face, the outside but also the failure of
immigrants to adopt the new land as they carry the ‘cultural baggage’. The
researcher makes an attempt to focus how the ‘cultural baggage’ and the
nostalgia for the ‘old world’ make the assimilation process difficult for the
immigrants.
Key words: Diaspora, Culture, cultural baggage, assimilation and nostalgia.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Shashi Deshpande’s novels are mainly concerned with women’s issues. She
is a prominent novelist and a winner of Sahitya Akademi Award and she has given
a new direction to Indian English novel. Like other renowned female novelists
Anita Desai, Kamala Markandya, Ruth Prawer Jhabvala, Jhumpa Lahiri, Nayantara
Sahgal, Manju Kapoor, Arundhati Roy and Kiran Desai she has documented the
female resistance against the patriarchal society and reinforced the female
dilemma in her novels. The protogonists in Deshpande’s novels are mainly women
and she perceives their misery from a psychic or psychological perspective.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
This paper presents animals colonization with post
modernism as a form of western mindset through the novel ‘The Hungry Tide’ by
Amitav Ghosh. The focus is laid on the anthropocentric attitude of human being
manifested through the killing of animals without mercy. It also studies the
killing of local villagers by wild animals tracing the conflict it creates
between human life and wild life. Environmental ethics is defined as the moral
relationship between humans and the natural environment. Ecocentric reality and
anthropocentric reality are the two kinds of environmental ethics.
Anthropocentricism in environmental philosophy concedes only an instrumental
value to nature and non-human beings. They believed that nature should be used;
governed and renewed wisely. Environmental philosophy faces a lot of conflict
due to the different notions in terms of ethical perceptions. This paper can be
read out as the conflict between the wildlife and human life as both are
negatively impacting each other. The present paper investigates the connection
between the modernity of the European world, being manifested in their
treatment of nature in India during the colonial period and its aftermath in
the context of Indian wildlife in Sunderban region. The setting of the novel is
so enchanting that the readers get an experience of the Sunderbans and the
threats that both the wild animals and the poor villagers face to survive.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The learning of a second language and its acquisition is indeed a
herculean task. It becomes further difficult while handling the first
generation of second language learners. The world is a global village and
English is the lingua franca of this village. In today’s world Globalization is
the primary challenge faced by the people of the third world countries like
India. With the advent of Globalization the need of the hour is communication
in a common tongue which is accepted worldwide. Therefore learning of English
as a second/foreign language is of utmost importance. This paper aims to
highlight the different aspects of second language learning in the perspective
of a model Indian classroom. The paper is based on the study which is
experimental in nature and is executed through Pre test, Post test and a series
of classroom activities. The experiment was conducted with the high school
students in a regional medium school in West Bengal where majority of the
students are first generation literate. It is observed that language learning
is better facilitated by the use of authentic materials as the learners here
get an opportunity to communicate in the target language rather than focusing
only on the grammar rules. The authors have attempted to highlight their own
experiences to analyze the different aspects of second language
teaching-learning in standard Indian classrooms.
Keywords: ESL, authentic materials,
Indian classrooms, learner autonomy
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Shobha De is one of the most popular writers among many contemporary
Indo- English novelists. Her novels have been read and acclaimed far and wide.
De’s fictional world marks the overwhelming presence of women. In almost all of
her novels, a woman is the protagonist. Women’s behavior, their thoughts and
their responses in different situations forms the main concern of De’s
fictional works. In her novels, we come across a variety of women from
extremely modern, assertive, young and liberated to the traditional Indian
housewives. Her concentration on modern women’s life and their immediate
problems makes the presence of feminist perspective an essential aspect of her
fiction. In spite of the mocking tone, casual attitude and depersonalized
nature of her fiction, De does not seem to be indifferent to women’s problems.
Her concern for women’s sufferings and their marginalization can be ascertained
from the way she has arranged and structured her fictional discourse. The
depiction of women’s problems in her fiction is considered to be one of the major
factors of De’s popularity as a writer. This article reveals that De has not
only concentrated on the presentation of a strange and startling world marking
the emergence of recent trends in society but also shown her concern for the
problems faced by contemporary high society women. The way she has presented
women’s life and behavior in her novels brings out her feminist learnings.
Keywords: Feminine, Sex, Marriage,
Tradition, Patriarchal dominance
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
This is a descriptive paper, which shed light on the importance of
learning L2 vocabulary, which was not paid a serious attention in second
language learning classroom. The paper
presented weight of vocabulary learning across the ancient, medieval, and
modern periods in general and various methods/approaches of modern period in
specific. This paper was concluded with
an appeal to the teachers of English as second language to integrate certain
features from various methods/approaches discussed in the paper and develop a
suitable program to enhance L2 vocabulary of their beloved students.
Key Words: English as second language, L2
vocabulary, and approach/methods
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The Heart of a Women is the fourth volume of Maya Angelou’s continuing autobiography out of seven volumes. Maya Angelou narrated from the point of view of a woman who tells more about the same story that she told in her previous volumes. This volume opens by some of detailed notes of historical reflections intended to locate Maya Angelou’s time and place, where the African-Americans were treated as Subalterns, because being born Black is itself a liability in a world ruled by White criterions of beauty which imprisons the child Maya a priori in the cage of ugliness. This paper throws lights on the Subalterns and their pain and struggles in the voice of Maya Angelou. This volume traces Maya’s spiritual, psychological and political odyssey as she emerges from a disturbing and oppressive young years to become a prominent figure in contemporary American literature. She has clearly portrayed the hardships associated with lower-class African American life.
Key Words: Racism, Oppression, Struggle, Hardship, Subaltern.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Taslima Nasreen has appeared
on the literary canvas as a very definite, thought-provoking and influential
writer addressing to give voice to the people who have wished, but dared not to
admit and express what they have believed in for long. A multi-faceted
personality—doctor, writer, feminist, columnist, novelist, short story writer
and poet—Taslima Nasreen is an extraordinarily angry young woman .When human
values are becomes worthless, humans become inhuman. The same happened in
Bangladesh aftermath of Babri Masjid demolition in Ayodhya on 6 Dec. 1992. When
the Hindus were maltreated in Bangladesh, the country turned a blind eye to the
sufferings of a part of its citizens simply because they followed a different
religion from that of the majority Muslim community. Thus, Islam is the major
factor in deciding the thoughts and behaviour of its followers in Bangladesh.
Hence, association with a few basic principles of Islam is necessary to size up
the situations and events in the writings of the Taslima Nasreen, events in her
personal life and the lives of her characters portrayed in her writings. Such
intimacy is also important because Taslima Nasreen’s fight for the cause of
women becomes a fight against the darker side of her religion, rather a total
rejection of religion.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The present paper sheds some
light on how M.G. Vassanji, a literary member of Indian Diaspora, writes from
Canada by taking into consideration the Indian people living overseas. Like his
other novels, The In-Between World of Vikram Lall can be read as a diasporic
novel and the element of quest for home is the heart of it. The paper talks
about how, through the character of Vikram, Vassanji tells the story of the
in-between life of a man. Along with the feeling of in-betweenness there is
woven the elements of exile, memory, diasporic consciousness, longing for
return, nostalgia, search for identity and sense of belonging. Vikram is a
third generation Kenyan Asian. Set in East Africa, the novel reflects the
ambiguous situation and the strange position of Indians of Kenya who are
neither indigenous Africans nor European colonizers. They are alienated from
their homelands. Vikram’s grandfather Anand Lall along with many indentured
labourers was shipped from British India to Kenya to build Mombassa –Kampala railway.
Thus the paper tries to show how Vikram, a Kenyan born Indian boy, is neither
Indian nor African but in-between.
Key Words: Diaspora,
Home, In-betweenness, Exile, Nostalgia.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
From the romantic period feminism is a prominent literary and scholarly
discourse through out the world. However the definition and conception of
feminism is different on class, creed, colour,social status ground. Probably
all experts of literature are agreed on that view that it is terrible for a
human being if with gender inequality colour and racial oppression in blended.
This situation is felt by the African-American black slave women who were
victimized on both ground. Contemporary American black writer and Nobel
Laureate Toni Morrison had presented the real agony of Black-American women in
her outstanding novel “Beloved”,1987.It is the historical and psychological
study of slave women where they have lost their total human identity. The
intention of this article is to find the cause of that double victimization of those
slave women.
Key words : Black, Race, Sex,
Victimization, Women.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
A poem set to music in the German language is called
a lied, or in the French language, a Mélodie. A group of poems, usually by the same poet, which are set to music to form a single work, is called
a song cycle. Musical setting is
a musical composition that is written on the basis of a literary work. The
literary work is said to be set,
or adapted, to music. It include
choral music and other vocal music.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Narratives often constructed spaces for numerous less discussed and
debated, social, ethnic and sexual minorities. It often reconstructed social
reality by manipulation and distortion of facts to satiate the dominant
ideologies of patriarchal - heteronormative society. Mediatization, though have
played a pivotal role in the upliftment of Kerala LGBTIQ community, has a long
history of misrepresentation of sexual and gender minorities in various print,
digital and visual narratives to safeguard the hegemony of heteronormativity
intact. My paper tries to analyze how popular print, digital and visual
narratives manipulate, distort and misrepresent the gender and sexual
identities of queer community, by re- queering and hence alienating them from
the socio- cultural milieu. It celebrates queer existence as the significant
Other (the less accepted and unauthentic version) of the heterosexuality by
strictly placing homosexuality within the rigid framework of gender binaries.
Mediatization here hijack the queer spaces as it project ‘heteronormative
rendering of homosexual issues, and thus become a neo heteronormative tool in
socio- cultural space of Kerala.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The language is the single
possession of human being and it is only thing which made human being different
from other forms of creation. It is the cultural identity of an individual and
the society. The author’s social and cultural civilization is interconnected with
language use. This study has been taken to analyse the texts of two different
writers in the context of different dialectical usage of words and the
presentation of culture. This is a trend of Urdu Hindi language knowing writers
who use local dialectical words in English texts. This research paper has been
taken to study the mixture use of words and societal flux in the Blasphemy and
in Jung’s Unveiling India. It happens in the writings of Indian subcontinents
writers that their writings in English literature reflect the cultural and
social ethos of the country. The language is the identification of once own
social and traditional values. The writers of the second language users have
inserted their own fashion of art and presentation of the societies. They have
ratified the art of their own culture and social values in their texts. The
writers of the Indian subcontinents have polished their literature in its own
context. Durrani and Jung have utilised their localised themes and cultural
identities in these texts through the use mixed themes and local dialectical
words. They have not deliberately used these words but the language environment
and thematic concerns of the societies compelled them to utilise such cultural
themes and dialectical words.
Key Words: Culture,
Language, Traditional, Words, Second Language, Presentation, Subcontinents,
Urdu, Hindi and Civilization
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
In the present research paper, I have pointed
out several key aspects of Thirty Days in September which deals with feminine psychology, nature
of exhibitionist personality and sexual stimulation with the help of a few
characters. Author wants to prove that patriarchal society uses their power
even in their own homes. It is the first generation’s guilt that leads to the
sufferings of the second generation. That is why the second generation is
unable to protest.
Keywords: Feminine psychology, exhibitionist,
stimulation and patriarchal society.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Shakespeare’s tragic plays are the beautiful combination of Aristotelian tradition and plays of Seneca. There is a touch of poetic emotions and sublime experiences. In the words of critics, his tragedies are nothing but a tale of sympathy. In his tragedy, the hero suffers a lot. Besides it there are some common features observed almost in all his tragedies. Such as the role of fate, conflict, weakness of the hero, comic relief, supernatural elements, use of irony, poetic justice, Catharsis of emotions, change in character etc. Let us have a glance on them.
Key Words: Status of Hero, Role of Fate, Source of Calamity, Conflict, Suffering, Tragic Flaw, Gripping Catastrophe, Downfall of the Hero, Supernatural Elements, Tragic Waste, Abnormal Condition and Chance of Accident, Use of Irony, Redemption, Poetic Justice.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The Morality Play was very much popular during the 15th and
16th century in Europe. In the play the characters personify good
and evil. Through the conflict between good and evil, the writer proves the
victory of good over evil. The protagonist of the play is himself an embodiment
of goodness. Sri Aurobindo, the learned and the spiritual writer of 20th
century has written many plays, The Viziers of Bassora is one of them. The
story of the play has been borrowed from The Arabian Nights. To some extent,
this play can be read in the light of the Morality Play as all the major
characteristis of a Morality Play are there in the play. This research paper is
an attempt to analyze that not wholly but partially the play The Viziers of
bassora fulfills the requirements of being a Morality Play.
Key-words: - Morality, good, evil, conflict.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Children’s literature, one of the fascinating streams
of literature, spellbinds the reading young minds by its incredible association
with fantastic elements. Along with this mesmerizing factor, it contains the
seeds of basic values, principles and certain positive attitudes which will
abet in the process of pruning and nurturing the personality of children. While
shaping the psyche of the rising generation, it also introduces ideas about how
the society around them is organized, how that social order fits into national
and global perspectives; thereby it serves the purpose of preparing its readers
to become the next generation of dutiful adults. After addressing the
psychological and societal demands, reading stories enable the children to
enhance their linguistic competence by enriching their vocabulary. Therefore,
the present paper attempts to examine the quintessence of this literary
spectrum by focussing on the grounds of these rationales in this stream of
literature through which it garners special claim among the other genres of
literary canon.
Key Words: Children’s
literature – definition and characteristics, psychological theories.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
A drama as part of literature is admittedly a
convenient way for showing social problems of society in which story is told to
the audience through the performance on the stage by the actors. The present
paper aims to study Vijay Tendulkar’s ideas about marriage family in his play Kamala.
The play is based on a real life incident. Kamala is a play that elucidates the
predicament of women. The play explores how women have been treated by male
counterparts. Women are oppressed, misused, exploited, and enslaved. Kamala
shows how women are used as a means for fulfillment of men's lust, ambition,
fame, and money. The paper presents the horrible exploitation of women in the
rural area of India where women can be bought from a flesh market .It aims to
show the reality of life of women in modern India especially the concept of
marriage and family. This paper will focus on the theme of exploitation which
is found in the marital relationship in this play.
Key Words: Vijay
Tendulkar, Marriage, Family, Exploitation, Kamala, Drama, Women.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Badal Sircar is one of the most prominent, influential modern Indian
playwrights. Sudhindra Sircar popularly known as Badal Sircar began his career
as a town planner. Later on he developed
his interest in drama and started acting in plays and directing them. Sircar
started his writing career with light and humorous plays. He has more than
fifty plays to his credit and his writing career spans over fifty years. Badal
Sircar gained popularity with the writing of the play Evam Indrajit in 1963.
His other significant plays are Baaki Itihaash(Remaining History) , Tringsha
Shatabdi (Thietieth Century), Pagla Ghoda (Mad Horse), Shesh Nai (There’s No
End). In 1967 he established ‘Shatabdi’ his theatre group. Sircar did not like
artificiality and dispensed with aids such as sound,light.elaborate costumes
and make-up. He is also regarded as the pioneer of Third Theatre, a kind of an
experimental form of theatre that focuses on direct communication with the
audience. It focuses on bringing the change in the thinking of the audience.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Mohan Rakesh is the pioneer of modern literary movement Nai Kahaniyan
(New Stories). Many films are made on his stories. Apart from short stories
writer and novelist, he was very famous as a dramatist. He is one of the
pillars of modern Indian drama. His plays were inacted throughout India. He was
awarded Sahitya Akademi Award in 1968.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The theory of translation is quite old and the act of translation is
considered as the other Babel. Previously, literary translation was considered
as a secondary activity, mechanical rather than creative. It was dismissed as
trivial work and did not receive serious critical attention. But during
contemporary times, the literary translation has drawn considerably large
public and academic interest.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Misogyny is the hatred, contempt, or discrimination
against women .Misogyny can be expressed in different ways in the form of
social discrimination, hostility, androcentrism, patriarchy, male
privilege, belittling of women, violence against women, and sexual
objectification. Misogyny can also be found within religious
texts and mythologies, and various Western philosophers and
thinkers have also been described as misogynistic. Misogyny can be further defined as a cultural attitude of hatred for
females because they are female. One may argue that misogyny is a central part
of sexist prejudice and ideology and, as such, is an important basis the oppression of females in
male-dominated societies. Misogyny is manifested in many different ways, from
jokes to pornography to violence to the self-contempt women may be taught to
feel toward their own bodies.
Key Words: Misogyny, Prejudice, Male Domination, Oppression
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Storytelling is common in Indian culture. Story tellers have realized
the need of a ‘good story’ since the beginning of civilization. The stories
include myths, legends and folklore. A myth is a story based on tradition or
legend, which has a deep symbolic meaning. A Myth conveys truth, rather than
necessarily recording a true event. Girish Karnad, Sudhin Ghose, Balachandra
Rajan, Salman Rushdie, Khushwant Singh, have written stories with myths
incorporated in them. They have used myths in their works for different
purposes. Some writers like Girish Karnad have used myths to redefine the
concept of religion. while some have focused on nature myths. Shashi Deshpande
is a literary voice who has redefined the traditional role of women with the
help of myths.
Keywords :- Myth, Women Character
,Hindu Epic, Shashi Deshpande
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
G.B. Shaw, who is considered second to Shakespeare for his prolific
writings looked at drama as a medium of expressing his ideas. In his plays
pleasant and unpleasant, he aims at reflecting the society with a number of
social problems which appear insolvable.
Each play exposes a particular problem for which the characters almost
act as mouth pieces of Shaw with a reformative zeal to change the society. Of
course, the plays may lose its sheen after the problem is solved with the
suitable solution. Ironically, the plays have received much impetus because of
effective ideas and a constructive vision to transform the society in an
exemplary way. Shaw no doubt demonstrates his artistic ability in his own way
to bring about a perennial impact on the society. The present write up evaluates
his dramaturgy to allure the readers to ponder over his ideas are really
noteworthy. Besides, the paper pinpoints analytically the purpose behind Shaw’s
writings in a dramatic way.
Key words: prolific writings, social problems, reformative zeal, constructive
vision, artistic ability, perennial impact.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Dalit literature was started from 11th century with the
Madara Chennaiah, was called ‘The Father of Vachana poetry’ but Dalit
literature took shape in 20th century. Dalits have tried their hands
mostly in autobiographies. Autobiography
is a real mirror of personal experiences. The technique of autobiography has
become a new area of research. In autobiography author exposes the inner
thought and does self-analysis. The purpose of writing this paper is to
understand the inner feeling of Dalits through autobiographies. I chose
Narendra Jadhav’s Autobiography Outcaste: A Memoir for this research. It is a
Dalit literary text in which author describes three generations of Jadhav’s
family, beginning with the father of the author, Damu Mahar and his wife, Sonu,
then Narendra himself and in the end with author’s daughter, Apoorva. The
trends of exploitation were different in three generation of the same family.
Dalit struggled against untouchability and for equality and self identity.
Gradually the way of exploitation has been changed as we see through Narendra
Jadhav’s three generations.
Key words: Autobiographies, Dalit,
atrocities, poverty, exploitation, Dalit literature Education.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The play Pagla Ghoda is about
the life of human beings; the life which consists of such events and incidents
as loving, not loving, staying together, making departure, the suffering, joy,
sorrow, complex human relationships, and so on. The playwright, here, seems to
analyse as well as determine the value and meaning of life. It is a play about
a woman in male-dominated Indian society. It depicts the various phases in her
life: her childhood, her growing years, her various relationships, her getting
apart from that relationships, and her death.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Gender and sex had been often debated in the society based on its
relation with one another. Women’s body has long been used as a canvas for
painting in the outlines of patriarchal domination. The patriarchal culture
essentially identifies women in a biological context and recognizes them on
their reproductive capacities. For the patriarchal society female body was the
root cause of sexual subjugation, but feminist critic Kate Millet rejected
biological determinism and highlighted the social construction of womanliness
as the root cause of female subjugation. Judith Butler goes another step
forward and argues that sex as well as the female body is a social construction
rather than a biological phenomenon.
Keywords: - Domestic violence, feminism, Gender, Sex, Protest
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The present paper aims to focus on various forms of
oppression and resistance to it by Dalit Women by making a close analysis of
the autobiographies and literary works written by or on Dalit women. Division
of society in the community is not restricted to caste division, also exist in
gender equalities. Dalit women experience a different degree of oppression from
both upper caste Hindu and Dalit men where Dalit Women are still biased by
being women, poor and Dalit. The significance of this paper is in that it tries
to highlight the powerfulness and celebrate the resistance of the women against
multiple power discourses which attempt to govern and rule them.
Keywords: Dalit
feminism, Dalit writing, Caste, trauma
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
This research paper investigates the problems in English pronunciation
experienced by the second language learners whose first language is Marathi.
The study is to find the problematic sounds and the factors that cause these
problems. Then find some techniques that help the Marathi speaking students to
improve their pronunciation. Fifteen students of B.Com first year from Navgan
Shikshan Sanstha, College of Arts and Commerce, Parli-Vaijanath, were selected
for the study. The students belong to rural areas with a deep influence of
mother tongue which creates hurdles in their English pronunciations. The
instruments used for collecting the data were observation during teaching
Phonetics in their syllabus and the structured test. The findings of the study
revealed that Students of English whose language background is Marathi , had
problems with the pronunciation of English vowels that have more than one way
of pronunciation in addition to the consonant sound contrasts e.g.
/f/,/z/,/w/,/3/ blends like 'wh' and 'ed' sounds in final position of the
words. Based on the findings, the study concluded that factors such as
Interference, the differences in the sound system in the two languages,
inconsistency of English sounds and spelling militate against Marathi Students
of English competence in pronunciation.
Keywords: English pronunciation,
problematic sound, ESL (English Second Language), SLA (Second Language
Acquisition)
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The research paper studies the
cultural conflict in the characters presented in Jhumpa Lahiri’s The Namesake.
It draws attention towards the present era of transnational migration, the flow
of the people among the different countries, convergence of the heterogeneous
cultures, creolization of languages and hybridization of identities have broken
the concept of fixity or absolute territoriality. The second generation
immigrants find it hardly possible to stick to the identity of the parental
land. The national identity of the first generation may be changed politically,
but they are able to attach with their original homeland culturally,
linguistically and ethnically.
Key words: Immigration, Exile and Expatriation are
related to home, Identity, Nostalgia, Memory and Isolation.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The Apocalypse for Hinduism is the natural end of the world at the end
of the Kalpa, which is the one round completion of the cycle of the four ages
or the Yugas; Satya Yuga, Treta Yuga, Dwapara Yuga, and Kali Yuga. They keep on
coming at recurring intervals. According to Hindu scriptures currently, we are
living in the Kali Yuga. Once the four Yugas are passed, it becomes a Mahayuga
or Chatur Yuga. 1000 Mahayugas make up one Kalpa. A Kalpa makes just one day
for Brahma. After the day is over, Brahma sleeps. When he sleeps, the state is
called ‘Pralaya’. The Pralaya is the night of Brahma, and it equates the span
of a Kalpa. The present paper discusses the mention of Apocalypse in Hindu
mythology and culture.
Key Words: Apocalypse, Hinduism, Yuga, Pralaya
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Presenting one’s view in a consistent and forceful manner is always a
challenge. It is an act in professional communication that requires a seasoned
practice towards maintaining clarity, conciseness and coherence. Along with the
accuracy of structure and style in individual and theme presentation, a good
command over soft skills is also required. Theme presentation is very close to
paper presentation .Each theme varies in perspective and requires a different
style of representation in coherence with its nature. A proper training in
language lab can develop the skills in this field. The present paper is a record
of my experience in teaching theme presentation. I am sure, methodological
practice and training in the field can bring magical results.
Key Words: Theme Presentation, Individual Presentation, Group Presentation,
Professional Communication
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
The tragic consequences of the
African encounter with European invasion, can be seen as the on surface theme
of Chinua Achebe’s masterpiece Things
Fall Apart. But if one delves deep, one
can visualise the social as well as the psychological conflict of an individual
i.e. Okonkwo, the protagonist. This conflict is created by the incursion of the
white man and his culture into the self-contained, self-sufficient world of the
Ibo clan. Things Fall Apart as the title suggests is no doubt concerned with
the dislocation of the African society caused by the advent of the white man.
But within this framework is contained the sphere of action which involves the
personal drama of the characters themselves.
VOL- 4 ; ISSUE- 2, PUNE RESEARCH - An International Journal in English (ISSN 2454-3454) JIF 3.02
Punya is Immensely deep
concept of historical Hindu tradition, the word or expression denoting exactly the
same sense is not found in English language;
piety from Bible is an expression
that comes close to Punya, however Punya is much more deeper and subtle in its
totality of meaning.Punya is contrary to sin,Punya is grace that is received as
outcome of good deeds. Hindu way of life is ancient and historical. Since time
immemorial Hindu tradition has had sublime thought process. One of the concepts
from it is ‘Punya’. In the ancient scriptures/literature like Ved.Ramayan,
Mahabharat, Upnishad, Smruti have had this concept directing and impacting the
Hindu life. In the medieval and modern times also the flow and inspiration of
the concept Punya has been remained ignited in the Hindulife . In the present
research the light is thrown on the concept of ‘ Punya’.