Editor-in-Chief PUNE RESEARCH

ABSTRACT

PUNE RESEARCH  

AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL IN ENGLISH

( ISSN 2454  -  3454  ONLINE ) (JIF 2.14)

 VOLUME 3 , ISSUE - 2  ( MAR-APR  2017 )

DR. C. USHA NANDHINI

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M. BALAMURUGAN & S. REEHANA ASMIN

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Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge  was  an  English  Poet  of  the  Romantic  Movement, best  known  for  his  allegorical  Sea-faring  poem, “The  Rime  of  the  Ancient  Mariner”. In  this  poem, Coleridge  uses  symbolic  language  to  express  his  own  religious  thoughts  and  deep  religious  truths  to  the  readers. The  poem  describes  the  life of  an  Ancient  Mariner, Who  had  committed  a  sin  by  killing  the  sea  bird, Albatross, Which  is  considered  to  be  a  sign  of  good  omen. The  Albatross  hung  around  the  Mariner’s  Neck  as  a  curse  for  the  sin  which  he  had  committed. It  fell down  from  his  neck, when  he  repent  for  his  sin  and  pray for  clemency. The  voyage  is  a  symbolic  representation  of  the  Mariner’s  life, his  path  towards  sin  and  his  subsequent  repentance. This  present  paper  aims  to  explore  the  deep  religious  symbolisms  in  this  poem, which  reveals  the  universal  message  that  Selfish  Pride  will  lead  us  towards  sin  and  Self  Repentance  will  keep  us  away  from  sin.  

Key Words: Mariner, clemency, Self - Repentance 

DR. BABURAM SWAMI

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DR. DORA THOMPSON

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Indian polity over the last decade have taken a paradigm shift in the context of various issues related to governance. The concept of good governance has its roots in ancient India. It was since then the maxim of social welfare was conceptualized. People centric governance and utmost welfare of the last man in the queue through equitable distribution of nation’s wealth came to the fore during an era of Kautilya who was an ancient economist and an adviser to the King Ashoka. As we transcended an ancient era, plethora of issues are coming to the surface and renewed demand is cropping up from all the sections of the society regarding bringing back the lost glory of good governance. This paper succinctly elucidates some of the cornerstones of good governance so as to create a justified world order.

PRIYA E.

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M. YAZHER ARAFATH

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Chimamanda Ngozi Adichie’s third novel Americanah mainly focuses on the African immigrants and racial problems. Americanah is a narrative of two Nigerian immigrants who love and lose each other in the mighty flow of time and distance. This book speaks about the struggle to survive within the background of identity crisis including racial discrimination, skin colour, and hair politics. Americanah is perceived through the eyes of a Nigerian and has attempted a revolutionary act of writing. The protagonist here is trying to locate herself within the aura of closely knit, painful, and tender relations, interlocking her with various contemporary social happenings. Adichie employs migration as the window through which these issues are projected. She is aware of how race and gender work alongside each other and shape someone’s experience. By analyzing the different experiences of the African immigrants the novel exposes how their immigrant status affects them through gender, race, as well as economically and culturally.

S. LAVANYA

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The concept of women being independent is not a new one in the literary scene, but the domain it offers, that is where Chick lit becomes different and successful. Here the characters are not at all perfect, the situations are worse and there are always problems and confusions and self-doubts. But despite these the protagonists find romance and they balance both their personal and professional lives. Dysfunctional family, failed and troubled romantic relationships, and career struggles all contribute to the story of the Chick lit. Jane Austen’s novels are often mixed with this genre but there is a great difference here. Here the heroines are not the model women. In contrast, the Chick lit heroines are full of self-deprecation and confusions. It is the very subversion of traditional romances. Austen repeatedly emphasises the point that a woman can be happy and content only when she gets married to a good guy. Chick lit subverts this very idea. This paper aims at celebrating Bridget Jones of Bridge Jones’s Diary as the norm changing Chick lit heroine of all times.  Thanks to Bridget Jones’s Diary Indian literature is also revelling in celebrating the imperfections of women, thus giving birth to Indian Chick lit. As Pride and Prejudice is considered as the definition of classic romance, Bridget Jones’s Diary is considered as the classic definition of modern woman who succeeds despite her imperfections.

DR. SRI. PA. DHEVARAJAN

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The great epic ‘The Ramayana’ says an intensive, sensitive and deep moral that a soul’s prime aim is to mingle with ‘Paramathma’ (Kingdom of Almighty) in spite of all other ‘Karmas’ (Duty or Routine). The utmost difficult and challenging duty of an individual is to control his / her own thoughts or mind. Mere souls satisfy themselves with worldly pleasures where as rich souls always trying, struggling to attain the ‘Holy Feet of God’ (Non-Birth stage). Rich souls want to get rid of this painful birth. In order to explain these morals through stories; saints and sages have written Epics and ‘Puranas ’(Lengthy stories). Among them ‘The Ramayana’ possesses an important role to play. The mighty characters in ‘The Ramayana’ express that Seetha (Mind or soul) united with Rama (Almighty) over coming many trials and troubles. Ravana symbolizes great sins like lust, treachery, conspiracy etc. This particular article deals with the exceptional characters like Ravana, Indirajith, Mandodhari, Soorpanaga, Oormila and Laxman with excellent qualities but with extreme extirpation, which lead to their last breath or pathetic end. ‘The Ramayana’, ‘The Mahabarata’ etc. are lively characters for ever as long as the universe exists.

DR. UMESH PATIL

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Rasipuram Krishnaswamy Iyer Narayanswami was born on the 10th October, 1906. He was born in a Brahmin family who were the worshippers of Siva and Vishnu. He is well-known Indian English novelist. His novels grapple with contemporary themes. His The Financial Expert is a novel which gives a moral message though a myth of goddess Saraswati and goddess Lakshmi. It is an India saying that one has worship goddess Saraswati to please goddess Lakshmi. Margayya is an adopted name means one who shows path. Margayya, a vendor helps poor peasants in their financial needs. It is great job to help famers in applying for their loan. Actually, He is not a banker or moneylender. He earns money by giving financial advice in selling their forms, and guiding illiterate farmers how to get loan from the Central Cooperative land mortgage Bank in Malgudi. Later on he becomes greedy. He wants to keep his son Balu happy. He loves money. He earns wealth by evil ways for his son’s future. On the other hand his son is spoilt. 

Keywords: Implications, Myth, Puran, Moral, passion, wealth, parable Synonym, evil, good.

DR. K. GOPAL REDDY & K. HANUMANTHA REDDY

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The function of literature is to catch the historical reality of the time, the spirit of society, expression of individualism and foreshadows of time.  It represents the seething frustrations of the age and records the rebellious spirit.  Every age has its own culture and in it resides the social ethos of the community.  Any culture is the composite whole of various tendencies accepted and practiced by the people in a particular society. The commonality does not question it but literary man does it with all his thinking, imagination and new ferment of ideas.

SHEHJAD SIDIQUII

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The most significant event in the history of Indian English Fiction in the nine-teen thirties was the appearance on the scene, of it’s major trio. Mulk Raj Anand, R. K. Narayan and Raja Rao. Whose first novels were published in 1935, 1938 & 1938 R. K. Narayan writing we saw the picture of Indian middle class society and their problem's, Narayan is able to transform a particular limited region into a microcosm of Indian and Indian Life, Malgudi is the only character in his work's which changes and grows.

Mulk Raj Anand is famous chiefly as a writer of Sciological novels. He deals with some of the most glairing social evils which include untouchablity and the exploitation of labour. Another bright star in the literary. Firmampnt of India is Raja Rao. His first novel Kanthpura published in 1938. This novel describes the impact of the ideas and the philosophy of Mahatma Gandhi.

GAJANAN P. PATIL

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NILA SHASHIKALA PRABHUAPPA

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Culture is complementary to language. Language is out come of culture. It affects thought process and creates a distinctive system of beliefs pertaining and peculiar to that culture. Cultural identity is associated with linguistic distinctiveness. The shared cultural knowledge and the shared non-cultural knowledge (recipe, geography and economics) in thought process and thought content produce the language. Culture plays an important role in developing and shaping the language. As Goodenough explains the relation of language and culture, “That a society’s language is an aspect of its culture … the relation of language to culture is that part to whole”. [Hudson, 83] Language and culture together give an identity to individual and interlinking of three aspects (language, culture and identity) make the peculiar identity of that particular society in this world.  

KRISHNAMURTI SANGITA K. & DR. ANNIE POTHEN

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Literature of the erstwhile colonies written in English has come to occupy a very important position in the arena of world literature today.  This illustrates the fact that the experience of  being colonized by the British left an indelible mark on the consciousness of the colonized people, which they expressed, most often, in the English language.  The impact of the colonial encounter has its positive aspects too, the outstanding literature written in English by non-natives users of English being one of them.

G. SHALINI & P. PAVITHRA

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Mahasweta Devi is one of our foremost cabalistic personalities, an abounding and acutely political agreeable activist. Self-assertion is the act of ambitious acceptance for oneself or of insisting aloft one's rights, claims, etc. Sujata, in MOTHER OF 1084, is about apolitical. Yet as she anteroom arise an annual of the afterlife of her son asleep in the 70s, she too finds the complete agreeable adjustment cadaverous, and as she takes a afterpiece accessory at the society, she finds no affronted for his death. It is an illegitimacy that Mahasweta locates beforehand throughout society, in the administration, in the cultural- bookish establishment, in politics, in the achievement of an able alienated bounden of killers able to serve the interests of any organized political force anywhere amidst the extremes of the adapted and those of the left. In an anecdotal actualization that allows accompanying for an assimilation of the illegitimacy advancing at all these levels as added than a ambient and a assimilation on an individual’s complete realization, Mahasweta begins with the acceptance of the abstemiousness of a family, takes Sujata out of its borders to let her accommodated and coat with others lying beyond, abandoned to accompany her ashamed to the ancestors at the end, and afresh let her achieve a last, awful ability to access its norms and acclimatize to it, afore she collapses.

R. VANITHA

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Developing the ability to understand spoken and written English and make them to speak and write in English is the main objectives of teaching English as a second language in India.  As the teachers differ in the opinion of using mother tongue to teach the second language.   English language teaching in India is having the multiple facets according to the teacher’s views.  Hence, this study analyses the objectives and problems of teaching English as a second language.

Key words:  English Language Teaching, Second language learning

SANTHINI MUTHUKUMARAN

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Tagore's heroines promulgate the treatment of women and the truth about their position in the society. This paper aims to depict one such real time character who in spite of being born mute, overcomes all patriarchal views of the male chauvinistic society that existed during Tagore's days. The protagonist Subha achieves to break through these conservative shackles of the society by establishing a kinship with the elements of nature. It also discusses how Tagore synthesizes the sounds of nature with the emotions of the verbally challenged Protagonist of the short story Subha-who takes refuge at the heart of nature from which she derived all consolation because of the lack of acceptance from her own family.

P. MUTHUKUMAR & G. PRIYA

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Drama is one of the most important ancient genre in literature. It has written for various purpose; reading and enacting on the stage. There are many playwright in India who have contributed to the genre, drama. Girish Karnad is a famous Indian playwright. He has the talent of changing a mythological tale into a fine drama. In Hayavadana, he has used mythology for a better flow of his theme just as water flows in the river. This article leisurely depicts how Girish Karnad has used mythological figures in his play, Hayavadana.

Key Words: Mythology, leisurely, depicts

DR. PRADIP. G. SONAWANE

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Many people say that English is the hardest language to learn if you were not born in a primary English speaking home. English is the most common language spoken all over the globe. English is essential in writing as well as speaking. It is very challenging to teach English in rural classroom. Now a days it is Internet Communication Technology (ICT) It is spread all over the global scenario. English speaking in India comes with a different accent in each part of the country. The standardization can be got by listening to Speeches and also teaching English innovatively in classrooms. There are certain experiments carried on in a rural and tribal class through a period of academic year. The new learners should follow this kind of approach.

Key-words – Speech mechanisms, oral communication, Internet & Communication Technology (ICT) drill method etc.

DR. JAYAWANT AMBADAS MHETRE

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Githa Hariharan, as a post-colonial novelist,  reveal her deep insight into the plight of Indian women, who are smothered in a male dominated society.  In the present novel also, she highlights their inferior position and subsequent degradation in the male dominated society.  The women in the novel try to regain their balance by making certain existential choices . Sita, her mother’s choice of her unhappy life in a muted silence, is another variety of feminism.  She dominates her husband silently, prods him on for promotions and as Amba has her revenge in the Mahabharata, she too destroys her poor husband.  Devi’s returning to India at her mother’s invitation and her marriage with Mahesh which proves to be total disaster.  After realizing the great gap between both of them, she takes a bold step in becoming the mistress of Gopal.  But his ego and self centredness again make her lose interest in him and she is faced by the final dilemma: whether to drift away like a torn kite or to return home to her mother.  She makes the second choice and proves herself to be a modern, conscious woman who refuses to take the usual path of compromise with the male-dominated setup around her for asserting her freedom.  But her unusual choice to go back to the mother for whom she does not have much love seems to be a sign of confusion.  Hariharan seems to indicate here the modern woman’s confused condition through Devi’s and Sita’s character.

SHOWKAT HUSSAIN DAR

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Emile Durkheim (1858-1917), an effective writer from France, is considered one of the pioneers of Sociology. Besides being an erudite scholar and deep thinker, he was a professor of Philosophy and political liberalist. Herbert Spencer acknowledged August Comte as his master but Durkheim didn’t. It is important to state here Durkheim was deeply influenced by Comet’s theory of positivism. He was an educationist of higher esteem during his time. The most important area of his research/interest was moral education. Durkheim remained agnostic throughout his life. But he was from the core of his heart a staunch moralist. He was sad and unhappy during his last days of his life for he could not tolerate the moral degeneration of the French society.  It was Durkheim who made Sociology as an empirical science. He was the founder of a journal called Anne Sociologique, which is still regarded as one of the leading journals of Sociological thought.  In 1893, he published his French doctoral thesis The Division of Labour in Society. The Rules of Sociological Method was published in 1895. His most influential book suicide came in 1897. But it was with the publication of The Elementary Forms of Religious Life (1912) Durkheim became famous throughout world. He labeled Marxism as ‘disputable and out of date hypothesis.’ Unlike Marx, he didn’t see the proletariat as the salvation of society. He was greatly opposed to violence/agitation which Marx preached to the ‘Have not’s.’