PUNE RESEARCH www.puneresearch.com

ABSTRACT

PUNE RESEARCH - AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL IN ENGLISH 

( ISSN 2454-3454-ONLINE )  VOLUME 1 , ISSUE - 3 (Nov - Dec 2015) 

ARTICLE  from 1 .3 .1.  to 1.3.54. 

DR. GOLAKA BEHARI ACHARYA

ABSTRACT

Autobiography is gradually coagulating as a genre after the formation of the foundation   of the new prospective on the textuality of history and the history of literary texts. However, it is often christened as life-writing, self-writing and self-narration. Whatever may be the alias, it is surely individualistic but never generic in nature .It is too defined as the life story of one written by oneself. It need not be and must not be confused with life-history; as it is a story that is transcendental in form. Therefore, it begets controversy. In the modern sophisticated society one cannot be too clear with objective precision and have computer-parallel memory along with absolute alienation to present oneself on his own, standing on a pedestal away from the society...

SANDEEP KUMAR SHARMA

ABSTRACT

Alain Badiou is one of the most renowned and distinguished philosophers of France and he occupies a commanding and distinctive  place in French philosophy. He has written about a large number of disciplines  and his philosophical ideas are deeply influenced by prominent philosophers like Plato, Heidegger and Althusser etc. He is a philosopher in the French tradition who survives with his own ideas and did not follow others and his entire philosophy is based on mathematics and more specifically on set theory. Philosophy does not have and has never had its own disposal the effective figures of emancipation. This is the main task of what is concentrated in political doing-thinking. Instead philosophy is like the attic where one accumulates resources, lines up tools...

DR. MADHAVI JANAGANI

ABSTRACT

It has been observed that the happiest things as well as sufferings and problems of women have become the culture of today’s society. Everywhere and everyone sympathize the women in society and also criticize their lives as per their convenience. Many women writers give a soft corner to the existence of women, focus on their problems that may be due to men or other women and effectively describes the predicaments in which they struggle to live by overcoming their sufferings. The plight of a woman can be understood well and it is different from one woman to another. Some of them emerge as the successful writers, doctors, entrepreneurs, CEOs, etc. and the society tag...

PRIYANKA SINGH

ABSTRACT

We are here, not there, in the region of our birth. … For to be in exile is considerably more than being in another country. It is to live with myself knowing my estrangement. … But this estrangement goes further. It touches upon the very notion of home, the lands and places of our birth. For that land, there, that region, lives in us as memory and dream, as nostalgia, romance of reflection, that which defines us as different, that to which we think we belong but no longer do. It is thus that many of us repeatedly invent scenarios of our return but never realize them. It is thus also that those of us who do visit there return here to find that after the painful winters of our struggles a deep sense...

DR. R.V.SHEELA

ABSTRACT

‘An Alternative General English Syllabus for Under Graduate Students’ is a paper based on the findings of a minor research project work.  The paper attempts to explain the factors contributing to the rising importance of English language in the aftermath of Globalization.  It also tries to assess the English Language Teaching Scenario in India (more particularly Bengaluru) as expressed in the new developments taking place (like closure of regional language schools, mushrooming of English Centres etc.).  It discusses the challenges in the ELT situation and necessary changes to be brought about to make English Language Teaching more meaningful and fruitful in the present era.

B. W. SOMATKAR

ABSTRACT

This research paper focus on the theme of alienation with reference to Anita Desai’s novel, Cry , The Peacock. Anita Desai is one of the leading Indian women novelist writing in English. Most of the themes found in her novels are the problems of alienation, immigration, marital disharmony and so on. This novel points out the theme of husband-wife alienation by portraying the characters of Maya and Gautama. He cares her a lot but she think that he doesn’t care much. She is mentally frustrated and disappointed, and results in alienation. She is unable to adjust the situation, which results in frustration and disappointment.

Key Words: Alienation, frustration, isolation, Loss of fear, Loss of identity 

A. MARIMUTHU
DR. T. MUTHUKRISHNAN

ABSTRACT

This article contains general about language and it tells about aim, objective of the study, methodology, data analysis. Then it briefly deals about the analysis done in the article. Lastly it is about bibliography.

DR. PUNAM PANDEY

ABSTRACT

Shashi Deshpande has secured prestigious position in post- colonial New English literature. Being a keen observer she observed all burning issues prevailed in the family and society. She has so dexterously dealt with the burning issues regarding women’s position in the family and society in her novel “That Long Silence” and this presented novelbrought Sahitya Akadimi Award in 1990. The soul female character of the novel is Jaya, who decides to break her silence after the seventeen years.  She, more than any other woman novelist, is committed and consistent in presenting realistic view of the educated Indian women of the middle class...

DR. VIPIN KUMAR PANDEY

ABSTRACT

Kiran Desai, recipient of the worlds' most prestigious literary award Booker Prize in 2006 for her second novel of The Inheritance of Loss got worldwide popularity for dealing multidimensional concerns. Not gainsaying for achieve this equality and independence women are stepping out of the right sex roles assigned to them traditionally. The novelist has fabricated the three generations to depict feminine quest for identity. Nimi is subjugated and suppressed but other female characters step forward to fly high to achieve the authentic existence.  Prime significant female character named Sai, who delineates the picture of a competent and liberated woman...

DR. VINOD KUMAR BAIRWA

ABSTRACT

 The nature of present research work is a survey based study which aims at exploring the problems of teaching English communication skills in context with India. The researcher observed the importance of teaching English as a foreign language on the one hand, and the scenario of India in the field of teaching English on the other. In this connection, he first finds it necessary to go through various aspects that may affect the teaching –learning activities in the region. The researcher also discusses various methods and approaches of English language teaching and tries to co-relate...

TALLURI MATHEW BHASKAR

ABSTRACT

Vijay Tendulkar became one of the leading Indian playwrights with his play, Silence! The court is in session in the late sixties. His Encounter in Umbugland is a political satire. This play was published in 1974. Characters in the play represent the historical personages and the story reveals the political situation in India of the late sixties and the early seventies. India is traditionally called “Jambudwip” in Sanskrit and Vijay Tendulkar deliberately uses the word “Dambadwip”. The rhyme in these two words intensifies the idea of hypocrisy. The English translation “Umbugland” which rhymes with “Humbug” conveys the same idea effectively...

DR. BALAJI NATKARE

ABSTRACT

The present paper is an attempt to analyze the highly marked expressive speech acts in Arthur Miller’s widely celebrated play, ‘A View from the Bridge’.  While analyzing, J L Austin’s assumption that every utterance is a goal oriented or a purposeful activity, is considered at the heart. The characters, by performing an intended act, usually perform other acts as well, because each major speech act contains a wide range of sub-acts such as stating, threatening, liking, disliking, agreeing, disagreeing, urging, commenting, criticizing, reporting, thanking, deploring, denying, predicting  and so on...

POORNIMA M. D. & DR. V. UNNIKRISHNAN

ABSTRACT

This article focuses on the theories which are proposed about Indian diaspora. By making a study on those theories, it can be found out that the ‘reason’ for one’s migration has become the primary cause for the emergence of those theories on diaspora. Indian Diasporic writers are also listed out;their major theme is manifestation of diaspora: acculturization, assimilation, longing for their home country and the comfort that they receive in their host country. Diasporic theories of Nelson, Vijay Mishra, Bed Prasad Giri, M.L.Raina, Sudesh Mishra, Veena Noble Dass, Jasbir Jain and the other few are discussed. Various types of diaspora that are put forth by those theorists are also brought out and it also covers the idea of those theorists on diasporic writing.

VIJAY .D. SONGIRE & KAMALAKR B. GAIKWAD

ABSTRACT

Alice Walker, the winner of the prestigious Pulitzer Prize is a significant voice in the field of African American literature. Whereas  Arun Joshi ,the winner of the Sahitya Academy award is one of the most celebrated novelists in the canon of Indian writing in English. Alice Walker studies the factors, which are responsible for blacks’ conflicts, fragmentation, and identity crisis. The attempt of this paper is to study existential crisis in Walker’s Possessing the Secret of Joy and Joshi’s The Foreigner. The paper shows how both of the novelists have depicted existential sufferings...

ANUSHA DAS

ABSTRACT

Children’s literature is one of the most diverse and dynamic areas of publishing. The best children’s books offer readers enjoyment as well as memorable characters and situations and valuable insights into the human condition. In the world of children’s books, there are certain factors which are common to all literatures. Around the world, conditions in which children’s books flourish or otherwise range widely. In   developing countries there may be a conflict between the language of general use and the indigenous community languages or mother tongues. It is generally recognised that children acquire literacy skills most readily if they first become fluent readers in the language spoken in the home. All children need to be able to choose from a wide range of titles, and children’s books must...

ANITA YUVARAJ KADADI

ABSTRACT

‘There is nothing permanent except change’ says Heraclites, the pre Aristotelian Greek philosopher. Change is the law of nature. A trend, innovations and challenges are the general tendency or direction towards change. With a number of educational options available before the present generation learners, the newer trends  and challenges seem to have emerged in the field of education that have entirely changed the facet of traditional system of education. Recent trendsand challenge of methodologies and developments portray the vital role of education sector in general with its internalization of the education process, stress on quality above quantity, increase in the adoption of technologies, necessity for professional talent etc...

SURESH D. SUTAR

ABSTRACT

Literature being an art has been always questioned and requisitioned by innumerable and infinite scholars that have been constantly resulted into acquiring real realm of art generically and of literature specifically. It has been constantly compelled to go through the fire test and come out with more shining unlike earlier it had. Due to stained suspicions raised against it the stuff of art going through various tests has came out as a product useful to all and harmful to none. Consequently if art has become great, earned any esteem acquired any acuteness the credit goes to the unlimited and  doubtful questions raised by the critics and more effectively to the fine constructive answers given by the friends and companions of art in order to acquire the real strength of it...

DR. NIRMALA SHIVRAM PADMAVAT

ABSTRACT

Criticism is an important aspect of literature. The fourth century B.C. was an age of critical inquiry and analysis. Plato and Aristotle are two major philosophers and critics of this era. Both tried to express their views on literature. Plato and Aristotle had complete different views of poetry. But the major contribution of Aristotle as a critic is on the concept of Tragedy. Present Paper deals with Aristotle’s concept of Tragedy.

VANDANA KUMARI JAISWAL

ABSTRACT

Things Fall Apart is a 1958 English novel by Nigerian author Chinua Achebe. In the novel, Achebe explicates the role of women in pre-colonial Africa. Women are relegated to an inferior position throughout the novel. Their position has been degraded. Gender separations are a misconception of the patriarchy. But Okonkwo trusts in traditional gender divisions. Okonkwo wishes that his favorite child, Enzima, should have been a boy. Okonkwo shouts at her, “Sit like a woman.” (p,40). When she offers to bring a chair for him he replies, “No, that is a boy’s job.” (p,41). On the other hand, his son Nwoye was a disappointment to him because he has taken after his grandfather Unoka and has feelings of love and affection in him. For same reason Okonkwo had always resented...

DR. PAYEL DUTTA CHOWDHURY

ABSTRACT

Contemporary writers from North-East India have showcased their desire in coming out of the stereotypical writings which were prevalent from the region at one point of time, portraying the troubled political climate, violence, backwardness, underdevelopment, poverty, and the ever-present image of the gun. These writers have instead taken it upon themselves to highlight the under-represented issues of the region and thus bring to light the rich culture and tradition of the North-East India. Easterine Kire, a noteworthy author from Nagaland, is in the same league. Her novel...

DR. T. JEEVAN KUMAR

ABSTRACT

These are changing times in education systems around the world.  With the start of the new millennium, many societies are engaging in serious and promising educational reforms.  One of the key elements in most of these reforms is the professional development of the teachers.  Today, the society acknowledges that the teachers are not only one of the ‘variables’ that need to be changed in order to improve the education systems, but they are also the most significant change agents in these reforms.  The professional development of teachers is regarded as an individual and collective pro¬cess that should be accomplished in the workplace of the teacher...

NUTAN ERATHI & DR. K. MADHAVI REDDY

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses how stories can act as a tool to address problem solving issues or a tool that can bring about a change in behaviour of the learner in an interactive way. Stories have power. Storytelling is the most powerful way to put ideas into the world today —Robert McKee. Great leaders are good story tellers.  A story teller uses a clear and simple narrative way to tell its audience- of what they would do, what they want to achieve and why it matters. Each one of us have used this story telling technique to influence our thoughts over parents, teachers, friends and colleagues. Stories are seen all around us and in all that we do. This paper, will discuss...

SHRADDHA

ABSTRACT

In the novel The White Tiger, Arvinda Adiga has depicted the life of the main character Balram Halwai who belongs to the lower strata of the society. Since he belongs to the lower class he has no bright chance of becoming successful. But Balram is an ambitious man who chooses a profession of driving and consequently, visits Delhi with his master. In Delhi he sees an entirely different picture of India. He feels surprised to see wealth and prosperity all around and needless to mention corruption and brutality present in the society of upper class people. To improve his future he kills his master who looks down upon the servants, takes his money and runs away. Balram in some ways justifies his action of sin as if he has taken the revenge from the whole upper class society. Though later, he feels guilty. Through the letters which Balram writes to the Chinese Premier Wen Jiabo, Adiga shows the bleak picture of India which includes casteism, class division and corruption in the government policies etc.

Keywords: Morality, Corruption, Light, Darkness and Class

SUNIL KRUSHNA GONDHALI

ABSTRACT

Literature has incorporated animal- human fusions since the ancient written work.An enormous collection of literature has discovered human identity by approaching the apparently non-human grounds of the animals and their animality in the human beings. The writers have used the fusions to gain or express an understanding of human identity by representing the human beings owning the features of animal. The Number of literary texts unfolds the combination of animality and human identity as it is better known as the use of animal imagery in literature. The present research purports to illustrate the varying treatment of the animality to human beings as their real identity in Arvind Adiga’s novel The White Tiger. It also explores the significance of the effective use of animal...

SANDEEP KUMAR SHARMA

ABSTRACT

Structuralism was a remarkable movement in the mid twentieth century which had a very far reaching influence on literature and philosophy. Ferdinand de Saussure rendered a substantial and weighty contribution to this movement and is regarded as the founder of the movement and his book Course in General Linguistics is appreciated as the hallmark of the Structuralist Movement. Saussure regarded language as a structure whose parts can only be understood in relation to each other. That is why he coined the two terms, langue and parole, to point to two essentially different notions of language: parole or speech is the individual utterance and the language used in performance, and langue or language system consists of the structure, internal rules and those principles...

DR. DHANAJI NAGANE

ABSTRACT

The present article endeavors to examine the various features and reasons of code-mixing in Indian sub-continent. These features highlight the special modes and patterns of code-mixing in the selected day-day conversational chunks in the Indian context.  India, being a multilingual country, has Hindi as a largest language spoken especially all over northern India, however, in southern and north-east of Indian, we have lots of regional languages such as Marathi, Kannad, Oriya, Bengali, Tamil, Telgu, Gujrathi, etc. When an Indian speaker tries to communicate across the India, he/she shows immediate impact of Hindi with English words followed by the regional languages. Thus, the attempt has been made in this article to observe such differences and major reasons of code-mixing.

KAMALAKR B. GAIKWAD
VIJAY D. SONGIRE

ABSTRACT

Arun Joshi is one of the most qualified existentialists in the canon of Indian English literature. The City and the River’ is the fifth and the last novel of Arun Joshi. He is the winner of the most prestigious award Sahitya Akademi. His novels are singularized by certain existentialist problems and the resultant anger, agony, psychic quest etc. His novels are strongly influenced by the existential philosophy of Satre, Albert Camus’ and Kierkegaard...

DR. ANITA P. WANJARI

ABSTRACT

‘Human Rights” are those rights which belong to an individual as a consequence of being a human being. ‘Civil liberties’ are ‘the rights guaranteed to citizens or residents of a country or territory as a matter of fundamental law’. It is birth right inherent in all the individuals irrespective of their caste, creed, religion, sex and nationality. Human Rights, essential for all round development of the personality of the individual in society and therefore, ought to be protected and be made available to all individuals. Literature has substantially contributed to the protection of human rights. Literature can inspire us to change our world and give us the comfort, hope, passion and strength that we need in order to fight to create a better future for us...

RAJENDRA D. KOLHE

ABSTRACT

The academic library is functioning as an immensely significant center of information. It is making available all kinds of information to the users. The most important role of academic library is to provide efficient services to its users. Academic libraries offer services of providing information and dissemination. Thus, the best practices, in academic library, are useful in improving and providing effective services to the users. NAAC has recommended some of the best practices for the academic libraries. The present paper aims to represent how the academic libraries provide best practices to users.

Keywords:  Academic Libraries, Best Practices, Information, Teaching Research    

SUCHITHRA K. P.

ABSTRACT

Indian fiction in English has been enriched by several highly talented women novelists. During the last quarter of the nineteenth century, Toru Dutt, Rajalakshmi Debi, Krupa Bai Sathyanathan, Swarnakumari Debi Ghoshal, Cornelia Sorabji have taken writing in all seriousness. In contemporary Indian English writing we can see women writers like Arundhati Roy, Kiran Desai, Anitha Nair, Shoba De etc writing about, and for women. These women writers aimed at communicating their experiences as women as well as conveying their views on social reforms. They tried to reveal the obstacles women faced, and the disadvantages they suffered in orthodox Indian society. They have analysed the socio-cultural modes, and values... 

SIDDHARTHA SINGH

ABSTRACT

The two new states of India and Pakistan came into being as a result of a division on the basis of religion and were demarcated by arbitrary borders1 a division which was accompanied by unprecedented mass migration, violent deaths, sexual assaults and a prolonged trauma and was legitimatized through the idea of revenge fraught with the trauma of gender and sexuality. It was a revenge that discriminated along the lines of religion and ethnicity while the atrocities were committed especially against women and their bodies. Women were not only objects of, but also witness to violence...

DR. PRITAM INDARSINH THAKUR

ABSTRACT

In the present age we live in, what might be called ‘the age of hyper reality’ it is obligatory to know the new genre of electronic literature i. e. hypertext fiction. The present research paper provides a detailed consideration of the significance of the hypertext interface in influencing reader satisfaction, since very few papers, if any, integrate analysis of reading, narrative form, and the medium of delivery, which is considered crucially significant in this new story-telling environment. The paper examines and adapts existing models of reading and of interface design, using research methods adapted from literary studies and computer usability studies.

Keywords: Hypertext fiction, Semantisation, exploration, self-reflection, absorption.

SOURAV SINGHA

ABSTRACT

Aime Cesaire, the founding figure of the Negritude movement, is a great Francophone poet, playwright and politician. His responses to colonialism are quite different from that of Derek Walcott's, another significant poet and playwright from St. Lucia. Though their responses to colonialism differ, a comparative study of their responses will bring out a complete picture of Francophone and Anglophone Caribbean reactions to the colonialisms. In this article, Walcott and Cesaire responses to colonialism in the postcolonial Caribbean context will be examined.

RAJENDRA M. PISE

ABSTRACT

Mulk Raj Anand, a socially committed novelist, has produced a good deal of literature. He is one of the few prolific Indian writers in English who have earned a good name as major novelists. He still continues to enjoy the reputation of being a stalwart in the field of Indian writing in English. Perhaps no other writer has been as intensely and actively associated with literary creation, with arts and with the cultural mainstream of the country as Anand has. His novels and stories are read and admired all over the world. All his novels deal with the underprivileged sections of Indian society. The most recurrent theme in his novels that strikes the reader is his treatment of the oppressed...

DR. DHARMAJI KHARAT

ABSTRACT

Indian Labour Law refers to laws regulating labour in India. Traditionally Indian governments at federal and state level have sought to ensure a high degree of protection for workers, but in practice, legislative rights only cover a minority of workers. India is a federal form of government and because labour is a subject in the concurrent list of the Indian Constitution, labour matters are in the jurisdiction of both central and state governments...

TALLURI ARUNA KUMAR

ABSTRACT

Mulk Raj Anand is an Indian novelist, a short-story writer, and an art-critic writing in English. He is called the Zola or Balzac of India. Anand, like George Orwell, is a politically conscious artist. He chooses to write about the neglected masses and their crude and ugly conditions of life. He attacks Indian obsolete conventions like caste, religious bigotry, communalism and modern capitalism, highlighting the values of truth, compassion, rationalism and unity among the poor in his novels. Anand’s output includes both fiction and non-fiction writings. He has many novels to his credit. The Big Heart (1945) is his seventh novel...

ARUNDHATI TARAFDAR & DR. ARPANA JHA

ABSTRACT

To get inspired and produce a new work has been a common phenomena, 'adaptation' is one such phenomena. ‘Adaptation’ is not only a process, but also the product of the process (just like ‘translation’). According to its dictionary meaning, “to adapt” is to adjust, to modify, to make suitable. Being a part of 'intertextuality', adaptation is seen in the genre of 'Films' too. Works of literature have been adapted for film from the dawn of the industry. A cinematic adaptation is the transfer of a written work, in whole or in part, to a feature film. Some of the earliest examples come from the work of Georges Méliès, who pioneered many film techniques...         

DR. M. YOGESH

ABSTRACT

Myth and History make the sense of greatness really real. Myth strengthens the functionality of the fiction. History justifies the claim of the text on actuality. Meanings and truths are influenced by their historical position. The literary text comes out of literary environment. The text reflects reality. This ‘reality’ is drawn from the perceiving collective. The Mythical History in Midnight’s Children which will innovate the spiritual implications of humanity in existential and psychological aspects. The use of myth is so pervasive and so overt a technique in the latter part of the novel that it would be profitable to dwell on it at some length. The narrator’s predilection for recording his narrative in mythical terms surfaces in his metafictional observations...

SUBHAJIT BHADRA

ABSTRACT

TRANSLATION

DR. TASNEEM ANJUM

ABSTRACT

TRANSLATION

Tarabai’s eyes twinkled like stars and she looked around in astonishment and stared at things around. Infact, Tarabai’s eyes had something magnetic about them. She was a child-widow, from a village in Gorakhpur afflicted with famine and for a few months she had been working in the house of Begum Almas Khursheed Alam.

DR. NIRMALA SHIVRAM PADMAVAT

ABSTRACT

POEM

LIFE

DELWAR HOSSAIN BANGLADESH

ABSTRACT

POEM

BEHIND  THE  SCREEN

DR. PRITAM I. THAKUR

ABSTRACT

POEM

AN ODE TO DIVINE COMPANIAN

DELWAR HOSSAIN BANGLADESH

ABSTRACT

POEM

MORN  LIGHT  

DR. DHARMAJI KHARAT

ABSTRACT

POEM

WHAT IS THERE IN YOUR MIND?

DELWAR HOSSAIN BANGLADESH

ABSTRACT

POEM

HOLDING  PLOT  FILE  

DR. DHARMAJI KHARAT

ABSTRACT

POEM

RAIN REMEMBER !

DELWAR HOSSAIN BANGLADESH

ABSTRACT

POEM

WITH  SMILING  GRACE  

DR. R. MANJULA

ABSTRACT

POEM

TRIBUTES TO ABDUL KALAM

MOHINI GURAV

ABSTRACT

POEM

HAPPY ECO-FRIENDLY DIWALI !

DR. NIRMALA SHIVRAM PADMAVAT

ABSTRACT

POEM

THE SHINING STAR

SUBHAJIT BHADRA

ABSTRACT

BOOK REVIEW

In the realm of contemporary Bengali Literature, Rupak Saha has carved a niche for himself. Though he is basically recognized as a sport journalist yet his imaginative fiction has earned applause from critics and general readers. He has shown his expertise in the genre of sports journalism, short story and novel. In the field of Bengali sports journalism Moti Nandy was a pioneering figure and Rupak Saha followed in his footsteps. But that doesn’t mean that he is a servile imitator. He has an independent aura that has enabled him to move into different parts of the world to cover various sports events. His fictional range is also astounding and the book under review reveals...

DR. SANGITA GHODKE

ABSTRACT

INTERVIEW

About Mr. Rajesh Vartak, graduated in Computer Engineering, from Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune (1995) and holds Master's degree in e-Business from the Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS), Pilani. Presently he is working as the Chief Technology Officer(CTO) and Executive Director at SEED InfoTech. He has over 20 years of experience IT Industry in the domain of investment banking, credit cards that include technologies like portal development, business process management and middleware like MQ Series and TIBCO. His areas of expertise include J2EE architecture, web services and performance testing. He has published number of articles in the newspapers and magazines...

S. OMPRAKASH

ABSTRACT

In Indian English literature, Khushwant Singh remains forever in the hearts of the people as an excellent historian, outstanding novelist, a straightforward political commentator, lively translator, a fantastic observer and social critic. Singh, a short story writer par excellence is arguably one of the most eminent authors occupying a distinguished position in the history of Indo Anglian literature. In his writing (from The Mark of Vishnu and Other Stories published in 1951 to The Sunset Club published in 2010) spanning for more than 60 years, Singh has been an indefatigable and versatile writer.  He has to his credit various achievements – as a short story writer, novelist, historian, translator, journalist, social critic, diplomat and essayist.  He has published six novels, six short story collections and several collections of essays on different aspects of life and on the people of India. In addition, he has written a number of articles for newspapers, magazines and journals.  Besides this he has published two volumes on Sikh history which is regarded as one of his best works. Singh, a most prolific and flourishing writer, has at the same time also been a controversial figure for one or the other reason.