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ABSTRACT

PUNE RESEARCH SCHOLAR 

AN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL

( ISSN 2455  -  314X  ONLINE )

DAYA VAGHANI

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This research paper discusses risk society: the COVID 19 to Omicron. Today, social risks have become part of our daily lives as human beings.From one risk to another risk we are constantly facing the issues.On the surface, the COVID-19 pandemic appears to fit into the risk society framework as a threat posed by globalization's modernization process. Coronaviruses, on the other hand, represent a very specific type of risk that risk theory fails to adequately describe. Recently the example of COVID 19 can be taken as a major risk to the world.If we find the solution we are facing another problem and it creates another COVID 19 can be considered as a global risk.

Key Words : COVID 19,Risk Society, Pandemic,Ulrich Beck

RAJSHRI RAJENDRA LOKHANDE & DR. V. R. RATHI

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Keywords: Transmission Line Tower, Response Spectrum, time history Earthquake Loading, Loading, Wind Loading.

RAHUL NARESH RAUT

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The rulers who ruled substantial parts of the North India between AD1200 to AD1526 were termed as Sultans and the period of their rule as the Delhi Sultanate. These rulers were of Turkish and Afghan origin. They established their rule in India after defeating the Indian ruling dynasties which were mainly Rajputs in northern India. The main ruler who was overthrown by the invading Turk Muhammad Ghori from Delhi was Prithvi Raj Chauhan. These Sultans ruled for more than 300 years (from around AD 1206 to AD 1526). The last of the Delhi Sultan, Ibrahim Lodi was defeated by the Mughals under the leadership of Babur in AD1526 who established the Mughal Empire in India. The Delhi Sultanate comprises multiple dynasties that ruled over northern India in the medieval period. The Delhi Sultanate was an Islamic empire based in Delhi that stretched over large parts of the Indian subcontinent for 320 years (1206–1526). Five dynasties ruled over the Delhi Sultanate sequentially: the Mamluk dynasty (1206–1290), the Khalji dynasty (1290–1320), the Tughlaq dynasty (1320–1414), the Sayyid dynasty (1414–1451), and the Lodi dynasty (1451–1526). It covered large swathes of territory in modern-day India, Pakistan, Bangladesh as well as some parts of southern Nepal. This paper attempts to analyses  and focused the period of  various Sultans ruled in India as well as their contribution in reforms and administration patterns.

Keywords: Sultans, Medieval, Period, Administration, Empire, Reform, A.D., India etc.

DR. SOMAPALYAM OMPRAKASH

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Kamala Markandaya is a famous Indian English women writer who established herself as a great novelist with the variety of themes and characters. She concentrates on the themes such as village life, conflict between tradition and modernity, womanhood in all aspects, east-west encounter, and the effects of  modern civilization on the lives of men and women in Indian society.  Her characters also hail from both lower and elite class from a beggar to a rich man. For instance Rukmani in the novel, Nectar in a Sieve is a rustic woman, In Some Inner Fury Kitsamy is a westernized person who returns from England and is a Civil Servant. She is the author of various novels such as Possession, A Handful of Rice The Coffer Dams A Silence of Desire The Nowhere Man The Two Virgins and The Golden Honeycomb. Commenting on her novels M.K.Naik says that “ Markandaya’s fiction evinces a much broader range and offers a greater variety of setting, character and effect.” (P.236). She also highlights the problems such as gender, caste and class in her novels.  

धरम शितल अरविंद

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