Editor-in-Chief

ABSTRACT

PUNE RESEARCH SCHOLAR 

AN INTERNATIONAL MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL

( ISSN 2455  -  314X  ONLINE )

DR. GANGA NAND SINGH & AMISHA KUMARI

ABSTRACT

This study examines the intricacies of man & woman relationship in George Bernard Shaw’s famous drama ‘Man and Superman’. The play, written in 1903, is a social satire which puts major emphasis on relationships. All the characters are woven together with a binding force, which is actually Shaw’s concept of Life Force or Elan Vital. G. B. Shaw is considered to be an iconoclast. He was revolutionary since childhood. He, through his plays attempts to convey his ideas to the society. He tries to do the same with Man and Superman i.e. to show his belief in the conflict between man as the spiritual creator and woman as the guardian of the biological continuity of the human race. He through the use of wit and humour tries to express the male-female chauvinism to his readers in the perspective of superior prospective procreation. He was an absolutist in mental process and realist in action, therefore, he tries to test the set values & traditions every now and then. The characters in his plays often discuss male and female roles in courtship.

Keywords: Life-force, New woman, Creative Selection, Conflict, Superman, Chauvinism.

P. THAPASREE & DR. K. SANKAR

ABSTRACT

Trauma plays pivotal roles directly or indirectly in everyone’s life and is shown in different pragmatic contexts. It is a kind of psychological injury caused by deep emotional wounds or terrible events. Margaret Atwood’s The Handmaid’s Tale is about the domination and governance of men on women in the name of religion and infertility. Similarly, this paper intends to discover the consequences of individual trauma through Moira, one of the major characters in The Handmaid’s Tale. The novel portrays the life of a handmaid, who is forced to lend her femininity to the unknown. The traits of trauma are subtly treated by the writer in her novel and picturized the individual psychological misgivings caused by certain undesired events. Moira was free and unconventional and strong enough to question the social inequalities and unfair attitudes whose life took turn to live in a male-oriented society. The purpose of the paper is to unravel the depth of trauma in the life of Moira who was plunged deep into the roots of an innate patriarchal society. 

Keywords: Psychological Trauma, Margaret Atwood, The Handmaid's Tale, Moira

DR. CHARU VARMA

ABSTRACT

A couple of years ago, while in an excursion outing to Orissa, my family and I took a visit to Chilka Lake. During the visit, we had the opportunity to encounter the serenity and quiet waters of the sea. We saw a local area of red crabs, various birds, oysters all as it was normal. Abruptly something occurred, a ways off the local area expert saw a school of Dolphins leaping out of the water and chose to draw nearer to give us an exceptional treat, and experience the dolphins from close distance. On watching the group of Dolphins, called a school or pod, something that made me think was the way organised they appeared to cooperate. Without a doubt no other vertebrate has enamored human creative mind as the perky Dolphin and their behaviour has been focussed broadly. I began to contemplate whether there was something we can gain from their behaviour and in reality there was. Close observations of Dolphin act uncovers intriguing facts. These stunning, smart warm blooded animals have a few lessons to show people, lessons whose application addresses an advantage in the individual and public activity of man, presently more worried about the accomplishment of his individual work objectives and acknowledgement. 

DR. SUNIL SHIVAJIRAO KAMBLE

ABSTRACT

"Dalit Women Speak Differently", Gopal Guru argued that Dalit women need to speak "differently" because they face exclusion not only in the political sphere but also in the cultural sphere. He writes: "Dalit male writers do not take the production of Dalit women's literature seriously and reject it."  Not only caste and class identity but also one's gender status determines the validity of the phenomenon the experience of Dalit women shows that local resistance is important among Dalits. According to him, the two issues that came out were: ‘Differences’ exist not only among ‘Indian’ women but also in Dalit communities based on gender and this writing becomes a way for Dalit women to explain their struggles and resistance. While Sharmila Rege criticized Guru’s argument in favor of identity-based politics for Dalit women, she argued for a more compelling approach, that for Dalit feminism to flourish, “their causes” must ‘change’ our work. (Rege, p. 45), 

Key Words: - Dalit communities, Dalit women, contemporary Dalit women's identity, resistance, community, Brahmanism and Dalit patriarchy,

DR. KINNA T. CHADOKIA

ABSTRACT

International law is the body of law that governs the interdependence of sovereign states. These are the rules that govern how the states interact with one another. Municipal law, often known as national law, is the law of a country that governs the behaviour of its citizens. International law could be different from the domestic laws of a country. The two systems have different set of rules and principle. Even though international law requires States to carry out its international obligations, it does not lay down uniform pattern to incorporate the same in their municipal sphere. This results in domestic legal systems of different countries which varies in respect of implementation of international law at national level. So, the States follow different processes of incorporating international law into their domestic legal system, asper their constitutional provisions. The different State practices relating to incorporation of international law into municipal law have been explained by two schools of monist and dualist. Monist school regards international law and municipal law as parts of a single legal system International law automatically becomes a part of municipal law in these countries. International law and municipal law, according to the dualist school, are two independent laws. International law does not immediately become part of the national law of countries that follow the dualist school of thinking.

RAJIV KUMAR

ABSTRACT

डॉ. छाया आर. सुचक

ABSTRACT

भारत में महिलाओं को कानूनन वे सभी अधिकार प्राप्त है जो पुरुषों को प्राप्त हैं, पर व्यवहार में अनेक विसंगतियाँ हैं, जिन्होंने महिलाओं की सोच में क्रान्तिकारी परिवर्तन ला दिया है । मिसाल के तौर पर, परिवार के अन्दर ही लड़कियों को अपने भाइयों की तरह पढ़ाई-लिखाई, खेलकूद, खाने-पीने तक की सुविधा नहीं मिलती । शादी के मानले में ज्यादा से ज्यादा लड़का दिखाकर उसकी मर्जी का पता लगाने की रस्म पूरी कर ली जाती है । बाद में लड़की की जिन्दगी दूभर हो जाए और उसकी जान चली जाए, तब माँ-बाप भले रोते रहें, उससे पहले कुछ नहीं होता । नाबालिग लड़कियों की शादियाँ गैर-कानूनी होने के बावजूद आज भी अनेक स्थानों पर खुलेआम हो रही है । इस मामले में राजस्थान तो बाल विवाह के लिए सुप्रसिद्ध है । सार्वजनिक जीवन में लड़कियों का प्रवेश साधारणतः वर्जित है, क्योंकि बड़ों की निगाह में वहाँ चाल-चलन बिगड़ने का डर रहता है । लड़की कुंवारी हुई तो उसके लिए लड़का तलाश करना रेगिस्तान में पानी ढूँढने के बराबर लगता है । नौकरियों के मामले में पहले के मुकाबले अब काफी छूट देखी जाती है, इसलिए भी कि नौकरीशुदा (कमाने वाली) लड़की की शादी ज्यादा आसान हो गई है,  पर कमाऊ लड़कियों की कठिनाइयाँ घर-बाहर दोनों जगह बढ़ गई हैं । यही सब विचार कर समाजवादी नेता डो. राममनोहर लोहिया ने पिछड़े वर्ग में महिला को भी शामिल किया था, किन्तु स्वयं पिछड़े वर्ग के नेताओं ने अपने वर्गीकरण में महिलाओं को अलग से स्थान नहीं दिया । पूरी दुनिया में निगाह दौड़ने पर यह देखा गया कि पुरुषों से किसी प्रकार कम न होने पर भी, महिलाओं के साथ लगभग सभी जगह भेदभाव होता चला आया है ।

डॉ. हर्षद आर. ठक्कर

ABSTRACT

मानव एक सामाजिक-सांस्कृति प्राणी होने के कारण अनेक समस्याओं, तनावों, कुंठाओं, विषादों और चिन्ताओं आदि से घिरा रहता है । इन चिन्ताओं से विमुक्ति के कुछ मार्ग समाज-सम्मत हैं, तो कुछ अन्य असामाजिक मार्ग हैं । समाज-सम्मत मार्ग व्यक्ति को उसकी वास्तविकात से परिचित कराते हैं और सका उचित मार्ग-दर्शन करते हैं, किन्तु इनका मार्ग दुष्कर व दुस्साध्य होता है, दूसरी ओर चिन्ताओं और तनावों से क्षणिकमुक्ति असामाजिक-पथ का अनुसरण करने से भी व्यक्ति को मिल जाती हैं । इनमें मादक द्रव्यों को लिया जा सकता है, ये मादक द्रव्य कुछ समय के लिए व्यक्ति के मानसिक तनाव को कम कर देते हैं;  चिन्ता, विषाद, कष्ट और यहाँ तक कि व्यक्ति की मनोदशा को भी परिवर्तित कर देते हैं जिससे अस्थाई शान्ति, उल्लास, आनन्द मिलता हैं ।